Published in Fedde: Repertitorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 16:292.1919.Basionym is Gymnadenia monophylla Ames & Schlechter, 1919, published in Feddes Reper titorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis,Beihefte,Band4,Orchideologiae Sino-Japonicae Prodomus: 43. 1919.

         Neottianthe monophylla is closely related to N. cucullata but is distinguished by its single leaf and the spur which is not curved or just very slightly curved. The leaf of N. monophylla is longer and less acute than in N. cucullata, half erect, not spreading on the ground, and is unspotted. The type specimen of N. monophylla was collected by Ernest Henry Wilson near Songpan in alpine area at an altitude of about 3600 m in August 1910. It is found in Huanglong on the grassy slopes north of the Huanglong valley at an altitude of 3400-3500 m. The plant is 6-10 cm tall and has 4-10 flowers with a diameter of 10-14 mm.

         Flowering: August (or September).

        一叶兜被兰与二叶兜被兰比较相似，前者仅只有一枚叶片并且距不弯曲或者仅稍微有点弯曲。此外，一叶兜被兰的叶片比较长，先端没有二叶兜被兰那么尖；一叶兜被兰的叶是半直立的，基生但不完全展开，叶面上也没有斑点。一叶兜被兰的模式标本是由亨利·威尔逊1910年8月在松潘县附近海拔约3600米的高山地区采集的。在黄龙，它主要生长在黄龙沟北面的草坡上，海拔3400-3500米。植株高6-10厘米，花序有4-10朵花，花直径10-14毫米。

        花期：8-9月。